Bad Study Habits Of College Students Essay - 1663 Words

â€Å"Most students enter college with positive expectations and with intentions to graduate; however, many of them face obstacles and challenges during their adjustment period and leave college before completing their degrees.† (Boyraz, Granda, Baker, Tidwell, Waits, 2016) According Pardon Our Interruption (2011) statistics show that 30% of college students drop out after their Freshmen year. This is due to reasons such as not being able to successfully cope with the transition, lack of financial support from parents, not being able to balance working and school, and life demands. But for the students that decide to continue with their education, they forced to worth though many academic struggles in order to reach their ultimate goal. Study Habits The most common academic challenges are understanding the content of the course, effective study times, lack of motivation for the course or school, and poor basic skill such as reading, math, and writing. Bad study habits that many student display are cramming for a test, multi-tasking, studying in a nonproductive environment, and skimming through the textbook or notes. By cramming weeks worth of information into the brain it can cause misunderstanding of facts, loss of sleep, anxiety, and inability to transfer information from short term memory to long term term information and ultimately this can lead to long term mental, physical, and emotional impairments. Although some students may still receive a good grade from crammingShow MoreRelatedShould College Students Go Trough?1498 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing issue that many college students go trough. These pounds might seem like harmless weight but research supporting that the weight gained and bad eating habits learned in the fi rst year off college can have negative effects on your life forever.Although it may seem like harmless pounds the freshman fifteen is an on going problems that more than half of the college students experience and suffer from as they grow out of their college career. the first research study Preventing weight gain inRead MoreThe Effects Of Negative Habits On College1681 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Negative Habits in College Negative habits such as alcoholism, abuse of drugs, sleep deprivation, and procrastination impact minority students more than non-minority students. Many students go off to college every year and do not stay on track. They begin college with the best of intentions: go to class, excel, and eventually graduate. College is very fun, but it is also a time in your life where you have to learn what to put first, and what can wait for later. Some students such as minorityRead MoreCollege Students Drop Out Of School971 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Students Drop Out of School Thousand of students from high school attend to college every year. Most of them come from the different areas in the country and go to the college for the different reasons. College is a new environment with high school students to find out what they are going to do in the future. However, there are many cause make students drop out halfway through one’s course in school. The most common reason of students is stress or including the studious students, the averageRead MoreEssay Characteristics of a Good College Student1185 Words   |  5 PagesMy name is Joshua I am a 20-year-old college sophomore at Georgia Perimeter College. I eat very well, which I have found is in complete contrast with my college peers. According to the National Health Awareness, has an overall average 30% for US colleges and Universities college students tend to skip one meal a day. Most college students dont even know what a healthy diet is, and a large percentage of students who are aware of proper nutrition choose to ignore it. One must have a good diet, learnRead MoreRelationship Between Attitudes Towards Grades And Study Habits1305 Words   |  6 Pageslike to explore is â€Å"What is the relationship between attitudes towards grades and study habits?† This topic can be categorized under the Sociological concepts; deviance and social norms. In society, there is an emphasis on getting an education (which correlates with getting good grades), in order to earn a reasonable amount of money at the very least. If someone attends school just to get a passing grade nor do they study, they could be considered deviant. People should care about this topic becauseRead MoreHow College Student Inventory Turn Out870 Words   |  4 PagesHow did my college student inventory turn out to where I think I am actually at today? This examination turned out pretty well to what I am actually. There is a few I disagree with but, I don’t think it is totally wrong. This examination actually shocked me in a couple areas how exact it was to me from a questionnaire it could tell you all of this. The examination surpassed my thought of taking these multiple questions that had no point, but actually pin pointed me pretty closely. The areas thatRead MoreCollege Is An Aspiration Of A College Student848 Words   |  4 PagesCollege is an aspiration in almost every high school student life that they desire to achieve. Though, students in college are faced with a lot of freedom and many issues because they do not make the best decisions. Not only do they have to deal with the stress from life of a college student, but also about taking care of their bodies. As soon as students get to college they tend to forget about the rules and routine they use to live in. They cannot afford healthy food anymore and do not have timeRead MoreFactors Affecting the Study Habits and Attitudes of 1st Yr Bsa Student of Pup-Src1669 Words   |  7 Pagesaffecting the study habits and attitudes of 1st yr BSA student of PUP-SRC Objectives * this study is to provide awareness and better understanding of how their current study habits affected their academic performance to 1st year college students *   gives them a more focused and clear perspective on how the specific behaviors related to their studies influenced study habits * this study also gives a much deeper understanding of their selves as students considering that the college life  is typicallyRead MoreEffects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance1557 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore students should learn how to manage their time and get enough sleep. Many have argued and many others agreed that sleep deprivation does have a big effect on the performance of students in school. For those who don t agree probably think that sleep deprivation has nothing to do with the bad performance of students on a daily basis. Everyone has their own excuses for not getting the 7-8 hours of sleep that the body needs to get before a following school night, but what studies have shownRead MoreFactors That Affect The Academic Performance Of College Students Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction There have been several studies researching the factors that affect the academic performance of college students. Some of these factors include family, personal habits, attitude, and social activities. Another important factor is the sleeping habits of the student. Sleeping is one of the most significant basic need that humans need. It is a biological necessity that plays an important role in each individual’s health. Sleep is not only important for health, but it is also important

Whats in a Proper Name

A proper name is a noun or noun phrase that designates a particular person, place or object, such as George Washington, Valley Forge, and the Washington Monument. A common noun, on the other hand, is not a particular place or thing, such as a president, a military encampment, or a monument. Proper names are uppercase in English. Types of Proper Names Tim Valentine, Tim Brennen, and Serge Bredart discussed proper names in The Cognitive Psychology of Proper Names (1996). Here are some of their thoughts. Following linguists definitions, we will take  proper names  as names of unique beings or things. These include: Personal names (surnames, first names, nicknames, and pseudonyms)Geographical names (names of cities, countries, islands, lakes, mountains, rivers and so forth)Names of unique objects (monuments, buildings, ships or any other unique object)Names of unique animals (e.g. Benji or Bugs Bunny)Names of institutions and facilities (cinemas, hospitals, hotels, libraries, museums or restaurants)Names of newspapers and magazinesNames of books, musical pieces, paintings or sculpturesNames of single events (e.g. Kristallnacht) Temporal names like names of days of the week, months, or recurrent festive days will not be seen as true proper names. The fact that there is one Monday each week, one month of June and one Good Friday each year suggests that Monday, June and Good Friday do not really designate unique temporal events but rather categories of events, and therefore are not true proper names. Bill Bryson on the Lighter Side of Place Names in Britain Bill Bryson, a humorous writer of nonfiction who was born in Des Moines, Iowa, but decamped to Britain in 1977, then returned to New Hampshire for a time,  has now returned to Britain. Here he talks about funny names in Britain in a way that only he can. This is an excerpt from Brysons Notes From a Small Island from 1996. There is almost no area of British life that isnt touched with a kind of genius for  names. Select any area of nomenclature at all, from prisons (Wormwood Scrubs, Strangeways) to pubs (the Cat and Fiddle, the Lamb and Flag) to wildflowers (stitchwort, ladys bedstraw, blue fleabane, feverfew) to the names of soccer teams (Sheffield Wednesday, Aston Villa, Queen of the South) and you are in for a spell of enchantment. But nowhere, of course, are the British more gifted than with place names. Of the 30,000 named places in Britain a good half, I would guess, are notable or arresting in some way. There are villages that seem to hide some ancient and possibly dark secret (Husbands Bosworth, Rime Intrinseca, Whiteladies Aston) and villages that sound like characters from a bad 19th-century novel (Bradford Peverell, Compton Valence, Langton Herring, Wootton Fitzpaine). There are villages that sound like fertilizers (Hastigrow), shoe deodorizers (Powfoot), breath fresheners (Minto), dog food (Whelpo), toilet cleansers (Potto, Sanahole, Durno), skin complaints (Whiterashes, Sockburn), and even a Scottish spot remover (Sootywells). There are villages that have an attitude problem (Seething, Mockbeggar, Wrangle) and villages of strange phenomena (Meathop, Wigtwizzle, Blubberhouses). There are villages without number whose very names summon forth an image of lazy summer afternoons and butterflies darting in meadows (Winterbourne Abbas, Weston Lullingfields, Theddlethorpe All Saints, Little Missenden). Above all, there are villages almost without number whose names are just endearingly inane—Prittlewell, Little Rollright, Chew Magna, Titsey, Woodstock Slop, Lickey End, Stragglethorpe, Yonder Bognie, Nether Wallop, and the practically unbeatable Thornton-le-Beans. (Bury me there!).

The Catholic And The Church - 1130 Words

A great number of Catholic members continue to leave the Catholic Church, statistics show. According to an article in the National Catholic Reporter, â€Å"One out of every 10 Americans is an ex-Catholic†¦ Almost half of those leaving the church become unaffiliated and almost half become Protestant† (Reese). Although the reasons for leaving differ amongst ex-Catholics, an important one is the teachings of the Bible, they claim. It may not make sense that the very same book that is claimed to be one of the final authorities in the Catholic Church, it’s the reason its members are turning away from it. It is the contradictory nature of some of the Church’s teachings –which undermine the word of God --the Bible-- that causes the members to leave the†¦show more content†¦This brings us to one of the main issues, Reese states: â€Å"The church needs to acknowledge that understanding the Bible is more important than memorizing the catechism.† Only, it seems that understanding the Bible is the very thing turning Catholics to Protestantism, as those who study the Bible using critical thinking, are bound to find incongruences between what the Bible teaches and what the Catholic Church teaches and practices. To start off, one of the most basic teachings of the Bible is the second commandment, which states: â€Å" Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image†¦ Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God†(King James Version, Exod. 20.4). This commandment is missing from the Catholic Ten Commandments (Catechism), but the Catholic Church claims it is absorbed into the first commandment: â€Å"Thou shalt have no other gods before me† (Exod. 20.3). Perhaps the â€Å"implied† commandment is obvious to the leaders of the Catholic Church, but to an average Church member who has no clear knowledge of the Sacred Scriptures this might not be the case. The second commandment clearly states â€Å"any graven image,† which is not equal to â€Å"other gods.† The Catholic Church has acknowledged that the commandment does exist, but it continues to ignore it, and perpetuate its transgression. For the Catholic Chu rch members and leaders, it is very common to bow down to statues and images of Mary, saints,

Mental Health For All By Involving All - 1051 Words

Mental illness is a broad spectrum of many diseases, from autism to depression and dementia. One in four people suffer from mental illness, and more often than not, those affected with mental illness are not treated. It is not an illness you can see or touch, but an illness in the mind, and today s society does not see it as an issue worth discussing. Imagine if you suffered from a mental illness and were not able to receive the help you needed to have a good quality of life. In developing countries, this is not just imagination, however but a harsh reality. They will statically unhealthier and will live shorter lives compared to those who do not suffer from any form of mental illness. (Transcript of Mental health for all by involving all) Dr. Vikram Patel, a Psychiatrist and Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropic Medicine, has a plan to change all that. Patel s idea is to train individuals in developing countries to be able to perform basic psychological treatment to those affected in rural or developing areas. To begin a way to get proper mental health care treatment to other areas, Patel has established a plan of action to get that care to certain individuals by receiving it from people they trust, their very own neighbors. This type of health care system has been around for centuries in different ways. The Native Americans had the Medicine Man, and the Europeans had the mid-wife. If a person can be trained to help deliver the gift ofShow MoreRelatedStricter Laws on Gun Holding Permits780 Words   |  3 PagesStrengthening laws that we already have implemented in the mental health community, and imposing stricter laws holding gun safety violators accountable can be an acceptable solution to an already difficult problem. A mentally ill individual is prohibited from purchasing a gun as long as the courts determine that they are mentally unfit. This is due to the gun control act of 1968. The problem is that many states are slow to send the mental health records to the national instant background check createdRead MorePsychology and Religion1229 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween and the practices involving psychology and religion in order to uphold the ethics code. There is a sensitivity level that must be exhibited by psychology professionals that practice traditional psychology in order to make clients feel comfortable and secure in the treatment setting. In addition, this essay explains the use of religion in non-traditional psychology and the professional manner according to the ethics code in which using non-traditional approaches involving religion should be usedRead MorePresident Obama s Gun Control Plan949 Words   |  4 Pageseach day involving the use of a gun or firearm? It has come to the time when our country really needs a change to keep our children safe and to prevent violent acts involving guns at a minimum. To accomplish this goal President Obama has constructed a plan to reduce gun violence and that plan includes requiring criminal background checks on all gun purchases, illegalizing military style assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, making our schools safer and increasing access to mental health servicesRead MoreClinical Nurse Leader Role in Psychiatric Department Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesa variety of health care resources (AACN, 2005). The CNL’s purpose is to aid in various departments of the health care system including the psychiatric department. Although there is continuous tension between medical care and psychiatric care and choosing which is more important for a patient, the Clinical Nurse Leader is intended to bridge the gap between the two. The goal in creating the position of Clinical Nurse Leader in inpatient psychiatric facilities is to reorient the health care systemRead MoreSmartphone Apps Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesSmartphone Apps: A New Era of Health Care In this current generation based on technology, there is a rapid growth in the use of smartphones, which has opened a new world of opportunities for use in behavioral health care. As of 2017, over forty-five million adults suffer from mental illnesses in the United States (â€Å"Data on Behavioral Health†). Health-based smartphone applications have become available for tracking treatment progress, psychoeducation, symptom assessment, and resource location. TheRead MoreMental Health Promotion, Prevention, And Intervention For Children And Youth1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe article I chose to review is Research Opportunities in the Area of Mental Health Promotion, Prevention, and Intervention for Children and Youth. I first found this article through AJOT and I realized I had been given this issue through a family friend, so I referred to it from then on. This AJOT issue was from September/October of 2014. After reading through the article, I realized that there was an additio nal article with further information. There was a systematic review that occurred beforeRead MorePsychology and Its Importance1295 Words   |  6 Pagestheoretical, educational and applied science connecting the scientific study of mental operations and behavior or performance. Psychology also refers to the application or usage of understanding, knowledge and skills to a number of areas of human activity, involving issues concerning withdaily activities such as education, events, people and their task, employment, association, relationship as well as the treatment of mental-health problems. Psychology also involves various sub-areas of study related toRead MoreSmartphone Apps Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesSmartphone Apps: A New Era of Health Care In this current generation based on technology, there is a rapid growth in the use of smartphones, which has opened a new world of opportunities for use in behavioral health care. As of 2017, over forty-five million adults suffer from mental illnesses in the United States (â€Å"Data on Behavioral Health†). Health-based smartphone applications have become available for tracking treatment progress, psychoeducation, symptom assessment, and resource location. ConsequentlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Saratoga County No Longer Has Safe, Stigma Free Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pagesstigma-free, places for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) to spend their days. SPMI individuals need somewhere to go where they can feel safe and can interaction with others. In the past SPMI Individuals in Saratoga County had the options of attending day treatment, going to a drop-in center called The Social Club, or spending the day being productive in a sheltered workshop environment . Over the past few years all of these options have been removed. First, The Social ClubRead MoreSafeguarding Assessment Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesalso help me evaluate and analyse 2’s current safeguarding opportunities such as Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) involvement and balance the safeguarding concerns of a vulnerable adult with the probability of the risks around 2 deteriorating in his mental health. It was agreed by all that a referral must be made to another agency to assess the safeguarding concerns around 2. By doing such we were all, as a multi-disciplinary agency, complying with expectations of Part 7 of the Social Service

Japan stopping Nuclear Proliferation Free Essays

The question of Nuclear Proliferation must be qualified as to whether or not it depends on the proliferation of nuclear weapons or on the proliferation of nuclear energy facilities. In response to the first type of nuclear proliferation, which is the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the only resolution available to Japan on this matter is to actively participate in the lobbying against nuclear proliferation in the United Nations Security Council. It has to take a definite stand and gain the support of other countries in preventing more countries from gaining the capability of manufacturing nuclear weapons. We will write a custom essay sample on Japan: stopping Nuclear Proliferation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Peaceful negotiations with China and North Korea, which are the only nuclear weapon threats in the region, can also have the intended effect of coming at a peaceful resolution to this problem. With regard to the issue of nuclear capabilities, which may also lead to the manufacture of nuclear weapons, Japan must take a more direct role. Japan has a lot technologies and techniques at its disposal to aid those countries that resort to nuclear energy to solve their energy crisis. The financial grants that Japan is willing to grant may act as deterrent for nuclear proliferation and instead encourage these energy challenged nations to seek eco-friendly and non-threatening sources of energy to address their needs. 2. South Korea: Peaceful Resolution of the DPRK Nuclear Proliferation and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Reform The only way to talk peace is to lead through a peaceful example. The nearest nuclear threat to South Korea is North Korea which has been aggressively testing or declaring that it has nuclear capabilities. The continued efforts at peaceful negotiations are the only way to attain the non-violent resolution that South Korea wants. To threaten a country that may have nuclear capabilities can lead to disastrous results because any sign of aggression could lead to North Korea’s use of whatever nuclear devices that it could have at its disposal. South Korea must also be wary of accepting aid from any other parties that North Korea considers as threats of political enemies. While resort to the United Nations Security Council is indeed a viable option for South Korea, history has revealed that sanctions do not necessarily threaten North Korea. Instead North Korea has maintained that it is willing to use its nuclear weapons against anyone that tries to take any aggressive action against them. The key for South Korea is to conduct peaceful negotiations and adopt a maximum tolerance policy towards North Korea. 3. China: The Further Regulation of SALW (Small Arms and Light Weapons) Internationally. China as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council has quite an advantage in convincing the other nations and members of the United Nations to take a more active role in the regulation of Small Arms and Light Weapons internationally. China must also take measures to prevent the manufacture and distribution of SALW within its own borders as well; the unmonitored arms manufacturing that goes on within Chinese borders is one of the largest sources of these SALW. By cracking down on these small manufacturing plants, China can drastically reduce the volume of SALW that is being produced. It can also take better measures to enforce the policies and also take a more active role in monitoring its borders, especially those that are near the Eastern European Bloc, Russia and the Middle East. This may not be easy for China to do, however, due to the enormity of its country and the lack of funding to police its own borders and industries. 4. Philippines: support for measures to Decrease Human Trafficking The problem of the Philippines is more economic than it is in Human Trafficking. The daily minimum wage of the Philippines is roughly US$ 4. Improving the living and working conditions of the people of the Philippines is one way of controlling the Trafficking in Humans that occurs within the country. The problem with the Philippines is that the economic situation is so poor that there is now a fine line between those who leave the country to find a better life voluntarily and those that have been trafficked. Improving the economic situation will greatly alleviate the situation for the Philippines. While more police measures and tourism regulations are options for the Philippines, the problem remains to be the funding that is needed for police measures and the loss of badly needed revenue caused by tourism regulations. 5. South Korea: Stop Human Trafficking in Asia South Korea is definitely in a better position to do something about the Human Trafficking problem in Asian because of the robust economy that South Korea has. From a geographical perspective, there is not much that South Korea can do to stop this problem. South Korea, however, has the technology and the funds that are necessary to help the economic status of most of its neighbors. Sending financial aid or investing more in the Philippines will greatly help stop Human Trafficking because it will result in more jobs for the locals and raise the standards of living immensely. The only resolution for South Korea in this matter then lies in being able to encourage the growth of economic conditions within the area to deter the occurrence of Human tracking within the Asian Region. 6. Malaysia: Measures to eliminate International Terrorism International Terrorism is a problem that Malaysia may be too small to prevent. While there are arguably terrorist cells within the South East Asian region, the hotbed for these cells is not Malaysia but rather Indonesia. There is however a certain criteria for Malaysia that may help in taking measures to eliminate International Terrorism. The strong economy of Malaysia gives it the resources that it needs to fund any efforts that its neighbors are taking in order to address the issue. Its membership in the ASEAN is also another key since it can ask for aid from the other members and encourage them to take more action against these terrorist groups within the area. 7. Australia: United Nations Reform within the Security Council Australia is currently one of the emerging economies in the world and has gained more and more stature in the United Stations for its involvement in the Invasion of Iraq and the military support that it has been lending to the United States for its war on terror. Australia makes a perfect candidate as a permanent member of the Security Council because of its military strength and active support of the military mobilizations and also because of its geographical location. The alliances that it has with some of the other permanent members of the Security Council such as the United States and the United Kingdom will certainly provide it with a lot leverage when it lobbies for reform within the Security Council of the United Nations. 8. Indonesia: Energy Security for Developing Countries Indonesia possesses one of the world’s largest coasts. The energy production potential of Indonesia is enormous. Its geographical location and unique topography give it the potential to not only produce a lot cheap tidal energy and geothermal energy but recent findings have also located oil deposits on the Indonesian Archipelago. This means that if Indonesia is able to tap into these energy reserves it will be able to generate a lot of energy that it can sell to its neighbors, most of them developing countries such as the Philippines. 9. North Korea: supplementing Developing Countries with Energy North Korea arguably has the nuclear technology needed to supplement the developing countries near it with the energy that they need in order to sustain economic growth. Instead of concentrating on the development of nuclear weapons, North Korea can greatly improve its economic status and the welfare of its citizens by shifting its nuclear production to the production of nuclear energy that it can sell to its neighbors. Its location on the Korean Peninsula gives it access to other countries on the continent and also to South Korea. All of the developing countries within its area can gain from the nuclear energy that North Korea can produce once it diverts the nuclear production to nuclear energy production. This will greatly benefit North Korea and improve its economy. It is an ideal set up for developing countries because it spares them the costs of manufacturing energy plants and is ideal for North Korea because it has the basic components that are necessary to initiate such a shift. 10. Singapore: Eliminating Illegal Drugs in the International Realm Singapore became the great nation that it is during the administration of Lee Kwan Yew. The somewhat dictatorial methods of Lee Kwan Yew put many things in order in Singapore and have made it one of the cleanest and most habitable countries in the world. The Singaporean model of government could serve as an international model that could be effective in eliminating the drug problems on an international level. The economic stability and the absence of illegal dealings in drugs that Singapore has been able to sustain over the years is an status that the international community can hope to attain by modeling their policies against the Singaporean model. 11. Thailand: Support for Humanitarian mine action involvement Thailand is one of the most progressive countries within its immediate regional vicinity. The countries that neighbor Thailand are Cambodia and Vietnam. These countries are still riddled with thousands of unexploded and planted land mines. The problem for these countries however is that they lack the resources to begin the removal of these land mines. Thailand can help in this matter by providing these countries with the economic and technological assistance that they need in order to remove these mines. Alternatively, Thailand can also use indirect method by encouraging trade with these countries in an effort to revitalize their economies and provide them with self-sustaining methods of funding that can help in the removal of these mines. 12. New Zealand: Support for the UNAIDS audits and education program New Zealand is relatively remote island country that has very little infrastructure as caused by the economic depression that it suffered a few years ago. It has begun focusing on a knowledge economy in an effort to revitalize its economy. It needs the support of the UNAIDS however to succeed in this endeavor. The key to resolving this problem lies in being able to reverse the â€Å"brain drain† problem thus assuring UNAIDS that whatever support is given to New Zealand will ultimately benefit the country and not just relocate to another place. 13. Vietnam: Achieving the MGDs The Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations are aimed at improving the overall welfare of the world by the year 2015. In order for Vietnam to achieve these goals, it will need plenty of financial assistance from foreign lending institutions that are willing to take debt-for-nature swaps or debt-for-equity swaps. For Vietnam to be able to achieve the MGD, it will need to promote economic growth in order to reduce unemployment and poverty. Investments in infrastructure and health care are also essential for Vietnam if it aims to achieve these goals. All of these however can only be achieved through the help of financial institutions and other countries that are willing to provide grants to Vietnam. It must also be important for Vietnam to secure these grants under favorable conditions so as not to unduly burden its fledgling economy. How to cite Japan: stopping Nuclear Proliferation, Papers

Job Training Of Employees In Hotel Garcia â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Job Training Of Employees In Hotel Garcia? Answer: Introduction It is very evident and clear that the organisations across the globe are striving hard for achieving high competitive advantages and success in the industry they operate. For accomplishing this goal, organisations are required to obtain and effectively take use of their human resources. In order to keeping the human resourced up-to-date and extremely effective, it is essential that the organisational managers must keep concerned attention to one of the key elements of human resource management i.e. training and development as it plays a vital role in almost all the organisations (Asfaw, Argaw and Bayissa, 2015). The study, therefore, will have a key discussion on the significance and importance of on-job training of employees in the hospitality sector and its impact on the employees performances and customer satisfaction. Research Problem and Purpose In spite of the increased and continuous trainings and focus upon the human resource management of the organisations, there is an important issue which takes place i.e. the increased rate of employee turnover due to the challenges and issues in the HRM department of the organisation. Another key research problem is to identify the most effective ways to manage the overall satisfaction of the customers in the hospitality sector (Ahammad, 2013). The satisfaction and accomplishment of the needs of the customers is the key area by which the service of any hospitality organisation is measured. Thus, de-motivated employees and enhanced turnover rate negatively impacts the customer experience too (Dardar, Jusoh and Rasli, 2012). The study will try to minimize the gap through effective literature and analysis derived and contributing in making clear the positive impact of on-job training for enhancing the customers satisfaction as well as enhancing the performance of the employees and motiva ting them to retain in the organisation for a much longer time period. Significance of the Research In context with the above background, the purpose of the research paper is to analyse the impacts of on-job training on the employees turnover rate, customer satisfaction and employees performance in the hospitality sector. The significance of the study is that it explains the benefits of on-job training, the objectives behind the training offered to the employees, the way in which the training lay down an impact of the performance of the employees, benefits reaped by the organisations of on-job training and also the career development and creative thinking of the employees. All in all, the outcomes and the results demonstrate way of improving the human resources of the organisations for achieving increased number of competitive benefits in the hospitality sector (Elnaga and Imran, 2013). Scope of Report This study has a wide scope as it will highlight some of the key aspects such as training, human resource management, development, human resource development, employee performance, and employee turnover and customer satisfaction (Vasudevan, 2014). The paper will highlight the significance of the subject through a literature review farmed from getting insights from several peer-reviewed journal, articles and thesis. A qualitative approach will be used for analysing the evaluating the importance of on-job training in the several organisations in the hospitality sector. Overview of On-Job Training One of the core aspects of the HRM functions and the one that has a direct and in-depth relevance to the efficient utilization of human resources is on-job training. Number of researchers and theorists has presented the significance of training as a key factor for the success and growth of an organisation. As compared with the past literature and the pioneering viewpoints of the authors, the organisations now need on-job training instead of just regular training. On-job training can be understand as training offered to the employees at the work place or their work station which can be the organisation or any other location where they are working (Alipour, Salehi and Shahnavaz, 2009). The organisational employees are the most important asset and extremely crucial resources of the companies. In order to attain efficient and enhanced performance, it is essential to emphasis upon the employees contribution in the fulfilment of the organisational goals and objectives. The significance of on-job training as a central and core function of management has been evaluated by numerous research studies. The on-job training helps the employees in developing work related knowledge, attitudes and skills so that the overall performance can be improved (Bercu, 2017). Human Resource Management Training The authors argued that the huge acknowledgment of the significance of on-job training in the past few decades has been extremely influenced by the intense market competition. The recognizable growth of the organisations is a result of huge investment on the on-job training of the employees (Nassazi, 2013). The authors had a view point that the continuous organisational change and rapid technological innovations have led many of the organisational managers to the realization that the growth of the organisation has a huge dependence upon the abilities and competencies of their human resources, and it demonstrates the need of continuous and huge investment on the on-job training of the employees (Long, Perumal and Ajagbe, 2012). As per the views of the author, the concept of human resource management for example organisational commitment and success have emphasized the organisational managers to realize the significance of on-job training for the employees to have a long term associati on with them (Nestoroska and Petrovska, 2014). Purpose, Process Outcomes of On-Job training As per the author, on-job training is basically a learning activity which is primarily directed towards the achievement of the particular skills, abilities and knowledge for the aim of some work or job-role. The key emphasis of on-job training is the work performed at the workplace for example, the requirement for having standard and efficiency in the business operations while serving to the customers in the hospitality sector or the requirement for efficient customers services to mention but a few (Ahammad, 2013). To grow the required knowledge and competencies of the employees, to execute in a more efficient manner on the job role, needs appropriate on-job training programs which can also have a direct impact on the organisational commitment and employee motivation. The employees possess a power to break or make the profitability as well as the brand image of the organisations in the eyes of the customers. As well as the employees are also accountable for numerous activities that c an impact the satisfaction of the customers in terms of services offered by them and the quality of the services (Verhees, 2012). According to the author, on-job training is a systematic and planned restructuring or changes of the behaviour by the means of programs, activities, learning activities that outcomes in the employees attainment of increased levels of abilities, knowledge and competencies for carrying out the services in a more improved manner. A formal on-job training activity is the initiative of the organisations to offer an opportunity to the existing workforce to attain enhanced knowledge and skills in context with their job role. This means for the hospitality sector industries to succeed in attainment of the objectives of the on-job training function and its adequate execution must be systematically planned as well as must be customized for increasing the productivity and the individuals performances (Aryee, et al., 2015). Most of the organisations have already real ized the importance of the on-job trainings and by effective implementation of the same they have attained huge recognition and success in their business operations (Ben Mansour and Naji and Leclerc, 2017). Relation between On-Job training and Employees performance Employee Turnover As per the extensive literature and diverse views of authors, the literature emphasized that there is a direct association between the on-job training and the employees performances (Gruman and Saks, 2011). The authors explain the scenario as when the on-job trainings are offered to the employees, their individual skills and knowledge enhances that result in decrease in the number of issues that takes place at the time of working. Therefore, enhancing the employees performances is one of the key reasons behind implementing the on-job training programs in the organisations (Dhar, 2015). There is also a direct impact of the on-job training on the employee turnover rate as when the employees are not able to have a balance between their skills and knowledge with that of the required competencies to match the job roles, there occur a number of challenges that deteriorates the individuals performances and de-motivate them which results in increased rate of turnover of the employees due to upsurge issues related to job-role and complexity of tasks (Mowday, Porter and Steers, 2013). The authors explains the significant role on-job training in resolving the issue of employee turnover as on-job training offers a smooth understanding of the tasks and job by getting more in-depth knowledge and development of the competencies (Sila, 2014). (Source: Long, Perumal and Ajagbe, 2012) The relation between on-job training, employee performances and employee turnover can also be understand by one of the renowned theory i.e. reciprocity theory. According to this theory, it is based upon few of the assumptions where the individuals get more committed with the organisation and the work when they are provided with more adequate training as they wanted to give fruitful results to the organisation in respect with their investments and subsequently, there has been experienced a sudden decline in the intention of the employees to leave the organisation (Xanthopoulou, et al., 2009). It is a kind of reciprocal affect i.e. give and take scenario, where the organisations receives employee commitments against the training offered to them. As with the training, there is development of the competencies of the employees, they get more committed towards the accomplishment of their tasks. And thus, the theory fits in stating that on-job training enhances employees performances that u ltimately results in decreased turnover rate of the workforce (Horng and Lin, 2013). Relation between On-Job training and Customer Satisfaction The literature also develops an association between customer satisfaction and on-job training. In the hospitality sector, the most important factor for the organisations is to grow and positive publicity is by the means of satisfaction of the customers needs. It is essential that the services offered to them are adequate and as required (Tahir and Monil, 2015). The authors have analysed that when there is no proper training is offered to employees, they lack in services and offering the most efficient services to the customers which made a negative impact on the customers and thus, it results in negative reviews for the organisation from the customers end (Aguinis and Kraiger, 2009). The authors also have emphasized upon the importance of on-job training on the level of customer satisfaction. When an unsatisfied employee serves a customer, it results in ineffective delivery of services which can deteriorate the image of the organisation as well as also result in detachment of the cus tomers and switching to other competitive organisations (Rana and Sharma, 2015). The relation between the customer satisfaction and on-job training can also be explained by the means of Human Capital Theory developed by Becker. According to this theory, human capital is considered as a part of the global notion of capital. Human capital is one of the most precious assets, an experience accumulated and a bundle of knowledge (Truitt, 2011). It is a set of inherent competencies, abilities, skills and knowledge which is taken used by the individuals. For attaining sustainable and continuous positive outcomes, the organisations are required to have a proactive approach in exploiting the human resources and recognized them as intellectual capital (Nischithaa and Rao, 2014). When on-job training is offered to the employees, they tend to gain new competencies and knowledge and then there is increased market value if those human resources and they are known as human capital which helps in en riching the businesses. If in the hospitality sector, the employees are offered such training, they will experience improvement and it will ultimately show in the level of services they will offer to the customers (AlBattat and Som, 2013). A more enhanced service experience will give high level of satisfaction to the customers and they will be converted as reliable customers of the organisation. The human capital theory is grounded over the assumption that increased on-job training will have a positive influence on employees that will boost their motivation and help them in delivering more improved services to the consumers (Mehta, Kurbetti and Dhankhar, 2014). SERVQUAL The SERVQUAL model was established by a group of few of the American authors named Len Berry, Valarie A. Zeithaml and 'Parasu' Parasuraman in the year 1988. With the use of this model, there is highlighted the key components of the supreme quality service. There are primarily ten factor on the basis of which there is performed evaluation i.e. responsiveness, empathy, tangibles, assurance and reliability. The organisation using the SERVQUAL for managing and measuring the quality deploy a research questionnaire which measures the expectations of the customers in terms of the above five mentioned dimensions and their respective perception for what they receive. When the expectations of the customers are more than their respective perception of the services they received, the quality of the services are termed as low (Manhas and Tukamushaba, 2015). Therefore, it is essential to measure the effectiveness and quality of the services for analysing the need of improvements by evaluating each and every impact of the efforts of the improvement. The service quality level is attained by subtracting the determined average score from the expected score and the calculated difference is a quantified measure (Choi, et al., 2014). Methodology This chapter of the paper offers a description of the research methodology which has been employed in the study. It explains the method and techniques for data collection, sampling, data analysis and the ethical considerations associated with the research undertaken. Data Collection Methods For conducting research there are two primary methods i.e. the quantitative research method and qualitative research method. Some of the researchers also take use of both qualitative and quantitative based upon the needs of the research. There are some of the reasons why researchers take use of these methods Quantitative Method Qualitative Method The key focus is on verification and testing Emphasis on social events and facts Critical and logical approach Objective in nature and there is distant from data Hypothesis testing It is result oriented The key focus is on understanding Emphasis on understanding the view point of respondent Rational approach and interpretation Subjective in nature and there is closeness to data Explorative orientation It is process oriented (Elnaga and Imran, 2013). For answering the research questions, the study will take use of the qualitative research method. In such research, there is taken use of semi-structured or structured questionnaires and interviews. The reason behind selecting qualitative approach is that it helps in gathering the insights about the happenings and it is also flexible in nature for identification of the missing info. In context with such research, a qualitative approach is considered as more relevant. The study will emphasize on interview approach as the research strategy atht will be based on a questionnaire (Dardar, Jusoh and Rasli, 2012). The reason behind selecting interview approach is that there is a need to have a broader view of information and discussion on the subject. The second way of collective data is also qualitative i.e. by reviewing and analysing the reviews of the customers for the services of The Grace Hotel of Sydney. It will help in fetching the data on which the hotel and its services lack as wel l as the further steps of the hotel to overcome those issues through on-job training. Sampling Procedures The interview was performed with the manager of one of the recognized hotels of Sydney named The Grace Hotel. The reason behind conducting interview with of the manager and a highly qualified and skilled person in the hospitality sector is to get in-depth knowledge and information for conducting research. Data Analysis Technique For the analysis of the data collected there has been taken use of Nvivo research tool which a recognized qualitative tool for performing analysis of the data collected by the means of interview, open ended questions and other prominent ways (Miles, Huberman and Saldana, 2013). The SERVQUAL model will also be taken use as it is the renowned research instrument which is designed for measuring the quality of the services by gathering the perceptions and the expectations in context with the five magnitudes of service quality. Ethical Considerations Ten ethical considerations associated with the research is that there is less of objectivity in the data collection as because of the fact that the reviews collected from the site of trip advisor can be questioned on the basis of objectivity and accuracy. Thus, from the ethical point of view it is not considerable. Results An interview was conducted with the manager of The Gracia Hotel in response with the interview questions framed for the research. All the answers collected by the means of face-to face interview and recording the same in an audio format. Following are the answers and results attained from the interview: Q1 The on-job training offered in The Grace Hotel is optical in nature which supports the organisational goal, brand reputation, customer satisfaction and employees satisfaction. The on-job training offered at the hotel helps in self motivating the employees and also helps in maintaining a certain degree of standards. SOP i.e. Service of procedure is one of the on-job training that is frequently provided to the employees. It helps the existing as well as the new staff to learn the procedures of the services offered to customers. Q2 The key objectives of offering the on-job training to the employees is firstly to save money as per the views of the manager as by these training the unnecessary costs are saved which arise due to lack of efficiency in the services offered to the customers. Other key objectives of such training are to reduce the employee turnover, increasing staff satisfaction and enhancing the service skills. Q3 The on-job training offers a clear set of guidelines which mentions what the employees are required to do and this helps in meeting the organisational goals. In every quarter around three to four times the training is offered as well as orientation is done which helps the organisations in rapid achievement of the objectives. Q4 The on-job training boosts the level of confidence in the employees and makes them more comfortable. They possess complete knowledge of their work, and there is development of their skills through these trainings which helps in faster and efficient accomplishment of the task. They are not lost in the workplace and develop the ability to understand complete procedure and manage their own task. Q5 The on-job training is not only beneficial for the hotel but also for the customers and the employees. As an after effect of the on-job training, when the customers consistently get certain level of services that are superior and more efficient in nature then there are no complaints an increased customer satisfaction. Thus, it helps the employees also to increase their level of satisfaction. Q6 Negative implication of such training is that once the employees get trained, they have a perception that they know everything. There is a procedure which is required following but as the experienced staff they try to skip some of the basic steps. And it poses a wrong impression on the newly joined employees as they follow the same and thus they lose effectiveness. Q7 Continuation of the on-job training depends upon the task and job. If it is a similar task, there is no need of continuous training as once it is given; there is only need to update any kind of changes. But if there is a specific work, then trainings are offered to sustain the market competition. Q8 The evaluation is performed every month as it is the task of the HR team to offer training, check productivity, comparing the revenues that whether they have increased or not, analysing customer satisfaction and the employee turnover rate. Q9 it also enhances the personal development of the employees as they do not have any idea what else they can learn but offering them trainings help them to conquer new challenges and learn new things so that they can get growth and development at individuals levels too/. Q10 The on-job trainings have offered valuable results to the investments made for the on-job trainings both for the customers as well as with the staff as it helps the employees in achieving more improved skills, abilities and capabilities to manage the tasks. It also offers positive implications on eth revenues as they tend to increase by increased customers satisfaction and enhanced customer base. Results on the basis of Customers reviews on Trip Advisor (Source: tripadvisor, 2017) From the customer reviews captured from the trip advisor site, it has been analysed that the customers are highly satisfied as the overall rating is 4.5 out of 5 which indicates that there are very less number of customers that are not satisfied or certainly less satisfied from the services of the hotel. A total of 53 percent has rated excellent to the service of The Gracia Hotel which account for 3,092 customer reviews out of a total of 5,834 (tripadvisor, 2017). Discussion The general objective of the research undertaken was to analyse and evaluate the importance of on-job training on the performance of the employees of the hotel industry in respect with one of the renowned hotels of Singapore i.e. The Gracia Hotel in Sydney. The responded was the manager of the hotel and has a wide experience of offering such trainings to the employees in the organisation. The finding and analysis is in line with the recommendations of the organizations manager should comprise of offering others the ability and vision to perform for the flourishing achievement of the goal and objective of the organisation such as increased customer satisfaction (Ycel, 2012). From the results and findings of the research it can be critically analysed that the response gather and analysed from the aspect of the Reciprocity theory, it is evaluated that the employees tend to perform well with more increased attention on customer satisfaction if they are offered with the trainings as they can have improvement which leads to self motivation and self-improvement and thus there are reduced chances of faults (Xanthopoulou, et al., 2009). From the results, it can also be discussed that there is a positive relation between three key elements i.e. on-job training, employee performance and organisational effectiveness. On-job training is an independent variable computed with the employee performance which ii a dependent variable are positively correlated. The relationship was tested by the increase in the good customer reviews and the revenues of the organisation after offering such on-job trainings as described by the respondent (Rose, Kumar and Pak, 2009). From the aspect of Human Capital theory and response to the research questions of offering value to the organisation, it has also been analysed that when the organisation invest in the development of the employees by the means of on-job trainings, there has been realized that fruitful results are gained as the performanc e and satisfaction of the employees gets increased (Almeida and Aterido, 2010). And thus, it is evaluated that their level of motivation get boosted and they tend to drop the plan of leaving the organization which in turn decreases the employee turnover rate and saves organisational cost. From the overall findings, results and analysis, it can be evaluate that the on-job trainings is highly beneficial for the organisation s it has a significant role in increasing the customer satisfaction level and revenues of the organisation. And, it is believed that it offers several opportunities to the organisations of the hospitality sector to achieve success like the Hotel Gracia by implementing the on-job trainings on a regular basis. Recommendations and Implementation From the analysis and discussion over the results of the study, it can be recommended to the organisations in the hospitality sector to first analyse various on-job trainings which can be offered to the employees and secondly make the employees understand the need of such trainings from their individual as well as organisational perspective. To implement and execute the on-job training successfully, it is essential that the core benefits associated with such training must be conveyed to each and every participant in an in-depth manner (Eneh, Inyang and Ekpe, 2015). It will help the organisations to get complete support and involvement of the employees in accomplishment of the trainings. Another recommendation which can benefit the hospitality sector as well as The Hotel Gracia is that they must have a continue process in the organisations of such on-job training programs so that the already existing as well as the new employees can also have an adequate understanding and improved kno wledge, abilities and skills regarding their job role. For accomplishing the objective of increased level of customer satisfaction, there can also be taken feedbacks from the customers that on what all factors they seek that there can be improvement in the services offered to them (Talwar and Thakur, 2016). And on the basis of the analysis of those feedbacks, there can be framed the training programs so that the employees can improve on those areas and offer the customers with mote enhanced and customized services and thus their satisfaction level can be upsurge. Recommendation to have a more positive impact on the on-job training in context with decrease in the employee turnover rate, there can be understand the issues of the employees by taking exit interviews as well as one-on-one discussion with the existing employees (Vasudevan, 2014). By such discussions, it can be analysed that which factors are need to be considered to motivate the employees and for resolving their issues. A nd those factors can be a part of the on-job training programs and can successfully result in declining in the employee turnover rate. There are also few other suggestions that are recommended of improved results such as there must a proper budget for on-job training activities for the purpose of utilizing the human resource in more efficient manner. There must also be an increased employee engagement and involvement in the evaluation activities so that inputs can be received from them too and the best practices can be scale up in future (Jehanzeb, Hamid and Rasheed, 2015). Conclusions The research report offers a significant response to the aims and objectives or the questions of the research. The aim of the report was to analyse the importance of the on-job trainings to the employees and it can be concluded that in the Hotel Gracia, such practices of on-job trainings are much valuable for achieving increased customer satisfaction as well as improvement in the performances of the employees. All the research questions are answered in a well-manner which has offered in-depth analysis of the importance of on-job training in the improvement of the employees performance. It has been concluded that in the Hotel Gracia has taken use of SOP as the on-job training method i.e. Service of Procedure that offers adequate training of all the procedures to the employees so that there can be enhancement of their skills, abilities and capabilities. Implications The study and the research confirmed a significant gap in all the aspects of the service quality which are analysed in the SERVQUAL model in the hotel industry in context with the services of The Hotel Gracia. For measuring the effectiveness of the on-job training, the SERVQUAL model is one of the best instruments that can be used in the study. Thus, the management of the hotel may take use of this tool for analysing and measuring the effectiveness of the training and the quality of the services attained from time to time. Moreover, due to the noticeable gap identified among all the dimensions of the service quality model, the management of the hotel must have its focus upon all such dimensions for enhancing the skills and services of the employees that they offer to the customers. Limitations The limitation of the study is that the sample size is small as there is taken interview of some of the organisational manager from the hospitality sector. There comes individuality in the opinion. It is essential that to have a wider scope and analysis, there must be increase sample size. So that, a broader view of analysis could be gained and better results can be attained from the research. References Aguinis, H., Kraiger, K. (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society.Annual review of psychology,60, 451-474. Ahammad, S. (2013). Importance of Training in the hotel industry: A case study of Hilton Hotel, Cyprus.Sdertrn. University. Master ?s Thesis. 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Final Writing Assignment Essay Example For Students

Final Writing Assignment Essay Jonathon McNeilIntroduction to PhilosophyIn Alan Turings essay Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Turing seeks to explain that computers can think. To answer this question Turing comes up with the idea of the Imitation Game. Turing uses an example of an Imitation Game, where a computer is trying to convince a person that the computer is also a person. The Imitation Game is a series of questions and answers. As Alan Turing explains, The question and answer method seems to be suitable for introducing almost any one of the fields of human endeavor that we wish to include. We do not wish to penalize the machine for its inability to shine in beauty competitions, nor to penalize a man for losing in a race against an airplane. (286) The next idea of Turing is The Turings Thesis. The Turings Thesis states that if the computer can pass the Turing Test, then that is sufficient for thought. The basic idea of the Imitation Game involves a man, a woman, and an interrogator. Theoretically if th e machine can take the place of the man and convince the interrogator that the machine is a woman this would prove that the machine is thinking. As Turing explains, I propose to consider the question Can machines think? This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms machine and think. The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous. If the meaning of the words machine and think are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer to the question, Can machines think? is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. (285)Turing comes up with a test to decide if a compu ter can really think. The test is called the Turing Test. The Turing Test is a test of whether a digital computer can convince a person that the computer is actually a human. Turing goes on to explain what he means by a digital computer because at the time in his life digital computers were in infancy. A digital computer consists of three elements: The Store, The Executive Unit, and The Control. According to Turing, The idea behind digital computers may be explained by saying that these machines are intended to carry out any operations which could be done by a human computer. The human computer is supposed to be following fixed rules; he has no authority to deviate from them in any detail. We may suppose that these rules are supplied in a book, which is altered whenever he is put on to a new job. He has also an unlimited supply of paper on which he does his calculations. He may also do his multiplications and additions on a desk machine, but this is not important. The store is the p art of the computer that stores the information, in a way the store is the unlimited amount of paper. The executive unit is the part of a computer that runs the program. The control is the part of the computer that makes sure the program is running accurately. Turing believed that by the year 2,000, a computer would be able to pass the Turing Test approximately 30% of the time. We know today that this still has yet to be possible. Turing explained that the computers would need to store of 10^9, and explained that Encyclopedia Britannica contained approximately 210^9 amount of information.As Turing states, Nevertheless I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted. I believe further that no useful purpose is served by concealing the beliefs. The popular view that scientists proceed inexorably from well-established fact to well-est ablished fact, never being influenced by any unproved conjecture, is quite mistaken. Provided it is made clear which are proved facts and which are conjectures, no harm can result. Conjectures are of great importance since they suggest useful lines of research. (290)In Turings Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Turing offers a number of objections to The Turing Thesis. In my opinion one of the strongest objections is The Lady Lovelace Objection.The Lady Lovelace Objection basically says that computers lack originality and that the computer is depended on the program it is running. According The Lovelace Objection, The Analytical Engine has no pretensions to originate anything. It can do whatever we know how to order it to perform (her italics). This statement is quoted by Hartree who adds: This does not imply that it may not be possible to construct electronic equipment which will think for itself, or in which, in biological terms, one could set up a conditioned reflex, which wou ld serve as a basis for learning. Whether this is possible in principle or not is a stimulating and exciting question, suggested by some of these recent developments. But it did not seem that the machines constructed or projected at the time had this property, (293-4) I personally believe this is one of the strongest objections against Turing idea that a computer can think if it can pass The Turing Test. Because a computer lacks its own originality and cannot operate independent from the program itself, I believe that computers are unable to think. Another objection that Turing offers is The Argument from Consciousness. This argument basically suggests that computers lack general emotions and that some human activities require having emotions. One example of this is that a computer is unable to compose music or write a poem. According to The Argument from Consciousness, Not until a machine can write a sonnet or compose a concerto because of thoughts and emotions felt, and not by the chance fall of symbols, could we agree that machine equals brain-that is, not only write it but know that it had written it. In my opinion this is a weak argument. Because this argument focuses more on if a computer has emotions and not Turings idea of Can a machine think?In John R. Searles essay, Minds, Brains, and Programs, Searle seeks to explore different types of artificial intelligence. According to Searle, there are two types of intelligence, strong artificial intelligence and weak artificial intelligence. Strong artificial intelligence is that computers can literally think if the computer is running the right program. Weak artificial intelligence is that computers are limited and can help us understand the mind. According to weak AI, the principal value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion. But according to strong AI, the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather, the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind, in the sense that computers given the right programs can literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. (298) Searle does not believe in strong artificial intelligence. Searle also believe that the Turnings Thesis is false. Searle believes that no artificial intelligence can ever think solely in virtue of running a program. John Searle then goes on to give the Chinese Room thought experiment. The Chinese Room is supposed to model how a computer processes symbols. In the Chinese Room, there is a non-native Chinese speaker and everything in the room is in Chinese. The non-native Chinese speaker has to piece everything together by using a rule book. This conflicts with Turings thesis because the non-native speaker does not understand the semantically and properties of the Chinese language. If the non-native speaker memorized the rulebook he or she still would no t understand the syntactical properties of Chinese. Searle replies by saying that he or she would internalized everything, the rules and Chinese symbols but still would not understand Chinese.Searle believes thinking is distinct from understanding. Searle states: Notice that the force of the argument is not simply that different machines can have the same input and output while operating on different formal principles- that is not the point at all. Rather, whatever purely formal principles you put into the computer, they will not be sufficient for understanding, since a human will be able to follow the formal principles without understanding, since a human will be able to follow the formal principles without understanding anything. No reason whatever has been offered to suppose that such principles are necessary or even contributory, since no reason has been given to suppose that when I understand English I am operating with any formal program at all. (300) Searle is trying to expla in that a computer can run the particular program but will never have a true understanding of the language itself. Searle is displaying that just because the computer is running the program, this does not justify understanding. .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f , .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .postImageUrl , .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f , .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f:hover , .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f:visited , .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f:active { border:0!important; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f:active , .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3933765a3b1609c5632fe6d99523aa8f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pyramids Essay Searle understands that some people might have objections to his ideas. Therefore, Searle then goes on to give a number of objections to The Chinese Room experiment. Searle believes that by going through a series of responses, he can give the reader a better understanding of his argument. One very good objection that Searle discusses is The Robot Reply objection. Searle says to put a program into a robot that is out in an environment and then the program would have meaningful thoughts. Searle concedes that strong artificial intelligence is false. The robot would not have meaningful thoughts because all the robot can do is symbol manipulation.Searle is saying that the person in the Chinese room does not have clear understanding of Chinese because that person is not connected to the outside world or live in an environment where Chinese is spoken. If the person was able to live in an area where Chinese was spoken the individual would be able to acquire understanding of the language. Sea rle then goes on to reply to this objection by saying this would not change anything. If the computer system was connected to the environment, it might change the type of inputs the system receives. The computer would still only be able to process the symbols as the program reads and never truly had the proper semantically understanding of the language. Word Count: 1,789