Emaar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emaar - Research Paper Example It is composed of EMAAR’S resources and comprises of factors that it can effectively use in adapting to the changing external environment. Unlike external environment, the internal environmental factors are much within the control of the management of EMAAR Company (Crum and Palmatier, pg 23). The factors include: The emaars resources that are mainly tangible e.g. production or operation factors: like plants, equipments and machinery; marketing factors like sales force, channels of distribution; personnel/ labor relations e.g. employees and relations with the trade unions and financial factors e.g. funds available and their sources e.g. loans. Intangible such as location factors e.g. suitability of the present location, reputation, research and development. Emaars internal environment assessment hence helps pinpoint the company’s strengths and weaknesses with which it faces and counteracts challenges in the global markets. The strengths in the firm’s internal env ironment enable it to exploit environmental opportunities or to overcome the problems thereon, hence its capacity to successfully enter the market despite competition (Martz, Pg 49). Such assessment is based on two specific areas namely Physical resources and the personnel competencies (Crum and Palmatier, pg 63). ... Another important consideration is the degree of integration that exists within the operating units of EMAAR Company (Madura pg, 67). The company uses â€Å"Vertical Integration† that is the ownership of all the assets needed to produce the goods and services to customers. The company purchases the controlling interest of their suppliers so as to ensure that the materials are available when needed. They also use the â€Å"Vertical Integration† which is the ownership of the core technologies and the manufacturing capabilities needed to produce outputs coupled with dependence on outsources to produce all the inputs needed. Personnel Competencies, The Company examines these because they reflect their strengths and weaknesses, that is an outstanding Research and Developments departments leads to the high development of high state quality outstanding of the products (Madura pg,97). VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS A complementary approach to the internal environment assessment used by E maar is the examination of the firm’s value chain. It is the way in which the primary support activities are combined to produce valuable goods and services and increase the profit margin. The primary activities in EMAARS value chain include: Inbound logistics; Concerned with the receiving, storing, material handling and warehouse activities. Operations, in which inputs are converted into products form by the performance activities like machining, assembling, testing and packaging. Marketing and Sales, the Company uses this to inform and encourage customers to buy products and services they produce. In addition, the Emaar Company determines its competitive scope which is the breadth of its target markets within the

Constitutional Interpretations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Constitutional Interpretations - Essay Example According to U.S. Constitution online, there are four basic methods of constitutional interpretation; Originalism or original intent, Modernism or Instrumentalism, Literalism and Democratic or normative reinforcement. Originalism, â€Å"The theory that in constitutional adjudication judges should be bound by the intent of the farmers,† where â€Å"Farmer† refers to those who wrote and ratified the Constitution, is a regulative theory of constitutional interpretation whose purpose is to provide this guarantee and prevent constitutional interpretation from becoming political in the policy-making sense of the term. They consider it the original way of interpretation and look for guidance from makers if there is some ambiguity. According to this method, the constitution is interpreted in a traditional way of farmers. In this method, it is determined that how the farmer had thought and interpreted. For knowing the farmer’s way, different sources are used, for example, newspapers, Federalist papers, contemporary writings of the farmers and Constitution as well. This interpretation of approach is limited because only a few hundred people of the same kind cannot be the representatives of the diverse population of today. Modernism is exactly opposite to the originalism as they perceive original text to be old and not in consideration with today’s world and its requirements. They believe in changing and improving constitution with time as modern development and scenarios can change the whole meaning.

Similarities between Christianity and Shinotoism

Similarities between Christianity and Shinotoism Undoubtedly, a person craving to comprehend the spiritual and the religious has served as the drive for the sustained expansion and progression of religious communication. Consequently, when a person reflects on the amount and range of the worlds religions, it is not shocking to discover that there are overabundances of religious principles that have been formed. Bearing this in mind, this analysis reflects on the capacities of religious inquisition that has been fashioned. Particularly, this analysis evaluates Christianity and Shintoism. Through a close reflection of what has been written regarding these religions, and through a personal interview that was conducted, it will be feasible to present an explanation of the backgrounds and similarities and differences of the religions. In order to start this analysis, it is first accommodating to think about the essential background of both religions. First, examining the basic doctrines and evolution of Christianity, it becomes apparent that this religion developed from the Jewish tradition as depicted in the Old Testament. The difference is, however that Christianity firmly believes in the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Christianity concerns the capacity of God to resurrect the dead, just like He did for Jesus. Through finding faith in Christ, the followers are given the ability to guarantee that they could live a life that would give them eternal salvation (New Advent, 2009). The New Testament offers detailed depictions of how Jesus lived and insights into his resurrection. When examining Christianity, it becomes very clear that the magnitude of the resurrection is momentous to the development of the religion. In general, the resurrection is the most significant characteristic that expresses Christianity. Through the resurrection, a person is given salvation from God an eternal life. Even though the precise circumstance of the resurrection is what separates Christianity Judaism, there is a drive to recognize why Christianity has become so dominant to its followers. One of the reasons why it has become so dominant is the result of many of its followers believing that through faith, God will guard and supply. It is now obvious why Christianity is such a distinguished religion; it is because of the assurances that it gives its followers. Every person goes into a covenant with God when s/he accepts the teachings of Christ (New Advent, 2009). Through this procedure, a person is assured to be given eternal deliverance for his or her labors in living a life that is based on the principles of Christ. Despite the consequences of how tricky life is, a person must constantly stick to the larger agenda of his teachings. By doing this, they will basically be resurrected in the afterlife (New Advent, 2009). The assurance of this resurrection gives the followers a belief that life goes on after a person dies. In order to conduct my interview and obtain information about Shintoism, I decided to perform an Internet search to see where the closest Shino center was. It turned out the closes center was located at 300 W. 55th St, 20B, New York, NY which wasnt terribly difficult for me to go to. It is called the International Shinto Foundation (New York Center). It was, however, very difficult for me to get in touch with a representative, so I decided to simply make an unannounced trip there in expectation that I would be able to speak to someone who had a strong grasp on Shintoism. My efforts were certainly rewarded; I was able to connect with an English-speaking man who was responsible for maintaining the tea ceremony room. He gave me a great deal of valuable information, and it is with this information that I am able to offer a summary of the religion, in addition to being able to compare and contrast it to Christianity and draw up a conclusion. Shintoism is a very old Chinese religion which advanced around 500 BC (Personal Interview, 2009). Exact details of Shintoisms origins is very difficult to receive because of the fact that that there are no official texts or leaders within this movement. As a result, Shintoism is defined as a set of values and principles that developed in the larger framework of Japanese society (Personal Interview, 2009). This belief system has grown in conjunction with Buddhism. Actually, many scholars believe that in early Japanese history, both Shintoism and Buddhism could not be distinguished from each another. Even though Shintoism expanded from a Buddhism framework, it has been recognized as a separate religion and spiritual way of living. The fundamental element of Shintoism concerns deities or Kami, who are accountable for the construction of Japan and the expansion of a variety of tribes that reside in the region (Handbook of Todays Religions, 2009). In general, the Kami that exist in Shintoism are benevolent gods that play a constructive role in the growth of humanity. Accordingly, Shintoism does not dwell on the framework of divine intervention as it pertains to day-to-day living. Instead, Shintoism centers on the growth of life that is lived in search of additional supercilious social standards (Personal Interview, 2009). In many situations, Shintoism uses a large amount of its basic principles from the Confucian tradition. Even though Shintoism is extremely interlaced with both Confucian and Buddhist ideologies, it has been noted that there are dissimilar components of the practices which undoubtedly distinguish them. For example, Shintoism believes that ancestors are extremely respected and even worshipped. Also, all people are thought of as Kamis child (Personal Interview, 2009). In addition, there are four assertions that are significant in Shintoism, and include elements of tradition, love, hygiene, and worship (Personal Interview, 2009). Shintoism was established through these values. All of components of Shintoism center on the growth and founding of an optimistic relationship between a person and his or her environment. Shintoism looks to smooth the progress of the progress of man as it pertains to nature in a harmonious association. This harmony has the potential to be attained through intense worship; however, it can also be attained through ceremonial offerings of both money and food. A large amount of followers are occupied in the offer a meal movement, which is basically when a person skips a meal on a monthly basis and instead donates his or her money to their religious institution for worldwide liberation and analogous activity (Personal Interview, 2009). After evaluating the general attraction of Shintoism to an individual disciple, it is an all-purpose way of life that authorizes that the follower to follow a life that is Godly in nature. Even though the term Shinto is not easy to convert into English, the elementary translations that have been accepted entail that the follower lives a life that follows the ways of the Gods. Because of this, Shintoism is a spiritual element that encompasses the day-to-day life of an individual follower. It supplies the foundation for the progression of action and requires that all followers take on actions and ideologies that are proportionate with how the Gods would act in a comparable situation. Therefore, Shintoism is not necessary tempting to indulge in because of what it guarantees the follower in the afterlife; instead, Shintoism is tempting to be part of because it gives its followers numerous methods to connect with God in multiple ways. When the fundamental structures of both Christianity and Shintoism are evaluated against one another, it seems, at least initially, that there are definitely more noteworthy variations between the two religions than there are similarities. For example, Christianity is based upon the wisdom and labors of Christ, as outlined in the New Testament. However, Shintoism in actuality has no real texts, or even a religious set of guidelines that are to be followed by its followers. In addition, Christianity primarily focuses on devotion to God through living a meaningful life that is supported by the teachings of Christ. Shintoism, on the other hand, does not have a fundamental leader that has served as the foundation for the general growth and expansion of the religion (Shintoism, 2009). Actually, as alluded to above, Shintoism was founded on an extended practice of harmonizing spiritual values that have been sustained in the framework of other religions such as Confucianism and Buddhism. Even though there are obviously distinguishable variations between the two religions, there actually appears to be one prominent resemblance that really should be taken into account for when evaluating these two religions. In spite of of the texts, in regards to the principles and leaders that are both living or not living within the framework of the religion, both Christianity and Shintoism call for paving a pathway of existence that will ultimately show the way for a better life. When it comes to Christianity, a person could successfully dispute that this religion primary deals with the teachings of Christ as an essential method of bringing a person closer to God. Christ guaranteed his followers that if they lived a life that pursued his teachings, they would, in turn, become closer to God and the Gods Kingdom. If a person closely examines the teachings of Christ as depicted in the New Testament, it is obvious that Christ desired for his followers to be in love with and take pleasu re in all of humanity. This message is obvious, as Jesus promotes that followers feel affection for God and their neighbors in the same capacity. In regards to Shintoism, it is obvious that the conduit that followers are supposed to attribute to is one that also cultivates a conduit that will ultimately show the way to God. Even though it seems as though Shintoism deals more with a persons connection with nature, the bond that is fashioned is comparable: man needs to live in agreement withÂÂ  the environment that is around him in order to achieve an advanced existence and successfully come nearer to God. In Christianity, the corridor that a person is supposed to follow is essentially written in the scripture; however, in Shintoism, the corridor that a person needs to follow is sustained through practice and admiration for the magnificence and majesty of nature. In both of the religions, however, the objective is to make certain that a person follows a corridor that ultimately brings them to God. This fundamental principle is one that is the foundation for the growth and foundation of both of these religions. Even though both Christianity and Shintoism primarily emphasize on following a conduit that will in due course lead to connecting with God, as time has progressed, Christianity seems to have taken on an exclusive element that particularly separates it from the fundamental foundation of Shintoism. The principles of Shintoism, when properly implemented by the follower, become an essential component of every-day life. Shintoism is not a religious order that can be taken control of or divided from a person (Shintoism, 2009). As such, Shintoism has been distinguished to have a spiritual aspect that establishes it as a crucial element in the day-to-day life of a person. Even though Christianity seems to convey a comparable message-that a person needs to undertake on a daily basis in the same way in which Christ would-the development of modern Christianity has gotten rid of the day-to-day impact of Christ on the individual person. Christianity seems to have become an observance that happens outside of the non-spiritual life of the person. A person attends church on a weekly basis in order to worship in Christs name. Even though Christ is considered to be an essential element of a persons life, this appropriation of the spiritual makes it very hard for the person to maintain Jesus as an encouraging element that encourages certain behaviors on a daily basis. Even though both Christianity and Shintoism present themselves as a tool for the spiritual progression of a person, the transformation of Christianity seems to have had an unconstructive effect on separating religion from the daily activities of a person. Notwithstanding, Christianity seems to have remained among the most well-known worldly religions. Consequently, even though some amount of transformation has taken place, Christianity still remains appealing to a majority of people. When the fundamental principles of both Christianity and Shintoism are look at in detail, the general petition of each of the religions seems to come from a more widespread plan of action for an individual. Under the principles of both Christianity and Shintoism, the individual follower is provided with a pathway to pursue. In most occasions, this pathway gives the follower a way for them to live a godly existence that will ultimately bring them closer to Him. This important element is what makes both of the religions so interesting for their followers.

Conflict Resolution :: essays research papers

The city of Bedford Falls has two men who share similar duties and whose conflicts have caused a great deal of inefficiencies and stress among the other city workers. On a number of occasions, the Director of Municipal Services has been present in situations where a conflict has occurred between Mr. Kelly and Mr. Booker. He waits them out, then when both gentlemen leave with no resolution to their differences, the Director calls upon other city employees who witnessed the conflict and asks what they feel was actually going on. The city employees will comment on being concerned about Mr. Kelly's attitude toward the employees and Mr. Booker, about Mr. Booker's attitude toward Mr. Kelly's short-comings, and how often city workers are caught in the middle of the conflicts that occur between these two. After the Director hears out the workers, no changes have yet to be noted. Mr. Kelly was hired as a laborer approximately 10 years ago. The town hired him after he left a similar job in another location. After five years, due to a rearrangement in the management structure and the departure of several upper management personnel, he was promoted to the position of Assistant Superintendent of Public Works. He worked immediately under the Superintendent of Public Works and was responsible for assisting his supervisor in various duties, overseeing work crews, and filling in for the Superintendent in his absence. Mr. Kelly held the position of Assistant Superintendent of Public Works for 2 years and basically served as an errand boy for the Superintendent. At this time, another restructure took place and several more upper management personnel were let go. Mr. Kelly was then made Director of Public Works, which basically is the same job he already had but with a bit more responsibility. He was now responsible for assignment of work crews and personnel (approx. 40 -50 employees) as needed to conduct Conflict Resolution 3 necessary town business such as: purchasing, sanitation, water & sewer maintenance, and the like. He works directly under the Director of Municipal Services, which is basically a desk job/paper pushing version of the Superintendent of Public Works. Mr. Kelly has held this position for the last 3 years and has managed to keep his job, although not due to any efficiency of action or management skills. It is suspected he has done that with the assistance of the Director of Municipal Services, who is a personal friend to Mr.

Critiquing Internet Sources of Family Relations and Dynamics Essay

On this paper, I will be critiquing internet sources of family relations and dynamics via blogs, videos & podcasts. Today, the Internet is equipped to handle an unsubstantial amount of information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts. I will research and critique one blog, one video, and one podcast, which provide information that, addresses the topic of Family Relations and Dynamics for my final research paper. The conversation will start with the information captured on each item, and then I will discuss the authors take and bias on their position, along with two scholarly sources. There are some interesting dynamics that happen in a family when children enter their teen years. Sometimes as a parent it can be difficult to accept those changes but they are really just a part of our children beginning to grow up. For instance, when my daughter was younger she was a daddy’s girl. If she could pick between me and her father, she would have chosen him hands down. I think she act ually had him wrapped around her little finger. When she began to enter her preteen years it started to shift a bit. By the time she turned 12 everything shifted from dad to mom. Suddenly our relationship became more important. Now that isn’t to say that dad isn’t needed. But she is just at that age where she knows that I can relate to a lot of what she is facing and going through, so she feels that connection with me. When my oldest son  was younger we were very close. He was what some may call a â€Å"momma’s boy.† He was very dependent on me, even into his middle school years. It wasn’t until he hit high school that things began to shift with us (Romero, Stephanie, 2011, Relationship Dynamics) The blog above that I wanted for my research on family relationships and dynamics is a very basic example of the dynamics of a â€Å"normal† family. The reason why I chose to do this is because the roles of each family is what I wanted to define and make clear before starting my paper. In this blog, it mentions how in a family a mother and father are being chosen by their children through their different stages of the kids life. For example, the girl was more close to the father, from a younger age, then after the age of 12, the girl shifted her attention to a female perspective being the mother. Also, the boys were more inclined to hang around with the mother, making them ‘mommas boys’, there are many cases like this in a ‘normal’ family upbringing. The boys then grew up, just like the girl leaned more to their gender parent for help and guidance on their life endeavors. I believe that there are no biases in this blog being identified, and in all actuality, this blog gives us in inside take of a family, which has kids, which later chose to switch their parent role preference to someone close to their gender similarity. This happens in real families today in our world, because it is just real life experiences, and the kids simply identify themselves with their parents in life stages. The present study examined whether discrepancies between adolescent and parent ratings of family dynamics predict adolescent well-being over time. Self-report data from 972 adolescent-parent dyads collected at two time points separated by one year were analyzed. Both adolescents and parents rated a variety of family dynamics (e.g., cohesion), and adolescents reported on their levels of well-being (confidence, purpose in life, and positive relations with others). Significant discrepancies between adolescents and parents’ perceptions of family functioning were found for all positive family dynamics, but not for family conflict. Furthermore, discrepancies increased over time and larger discrepancies were noted for older adolescents. Results from the residualized path model showed that discrepancies were bidirectionally related to adolescent well-being. In addition, age was found to moderate the predictive model. Specifically, 14-15 year olds (year 10) were found to be more stable in their well-being  over time than younger adolescents. Also, results indicate that well-being is a significantly stronger negative predictor of discrepancies over time for the 14-15 year olds (year 10) than the for 10-11 year olds (year 6). The authors suggest that future research would benefit from investigations of the relationship between divergent perspectives of family members and adjustment outcomes of adolescents (Stuart, J., 2012). Draw a small circle in the middle of a piece of paper. Draw a second circle around it, and another, and another. Keep drawing larger and larger circles until you have 6 circles. In the middle of the smallest circle draw a smiley face, which is you. If you think about all the relationships you have with people, you can label each of the 5 remaining circles. For example; the largest might have the postman, grocery store cashier and the mechanic, while the one closest to you, your spouse. Take some time to think of all the people in your life (friends, family, acquaintances), and place them on the circle that feels right for them. Once you are finished step back and take a good look. You might find where you have placed various people interesting. In case you haven’t realized, the people closest to your smiley face are those you naturally wish to be closest with, while each circle outwards represents more distance. The people in the largest circle are relatively easy, they don’t know your name or anything about you, and because they are at this safe distance you don’t have to worry about them as much. As you progress inwards, the people in each circle come closer to knowing the real you, which means they have the opportunity to judge who and what you are, and to hurt you (Greens Release, 2011) Above is a podcasts take on family relations and dynamics, in this podcast it was revealed the functions of having family, friends, acquaintances and other people around you, and how they can affect the dynamics of your relationships. The reason why I chose this podcast, as an emphasis in my final research paper is how it demonstrates the truth of family and relationship dynamics can affect your inner circle of close people. I used this podcast on my own self and it was as if I was able to look at the full picture of my friends, family, acquaintances, or coworkers. This revelation was astonishing because I was able to see that there are some bad choice of family and friends that I have to keep far from me. The reason why I need to  make these changes is simply that those people closest to me are able to see me ‘naked’ in other words, as for who I am. The people that are close to me can see my fears, weaknesses, flaws, and more of the things that I hold sacred and perso nal. The podcast author’s ideas are not subject to being bias, because the key information in how to measure your family, friends and acquaintances level of closeness to one self is being generalized for everyone to use this as a guide. The applicability of this podcast guideline to measuring the dynamics of family and relationships is useful and it can be helpful. During the 50’s, the economy was at its highest peak, so families were more functionally defined by the role each family member contributed. In the 50’s era, both parents made sure they influenced their children with positivity reinforcement, which allowed for the children to be more receptive to their parents thoughts and respect, because they children at that time had the ability to experience true parenting. Nowadays, parents are no longer providing their children with 100% attention, due to them focusing more on their careers than anything else. Parents who are career focused are more prone to sacrifice their families over their careers due to money, but money leads to no real love being giving to their families, which then cause a divorce and family tarring apart. There are also many single mothers out there, which have no real male figures in their boys’ upbringing, so this can hinder the boy to develop feminine characteristics. In addition, singe parenting can have kids raised in a single household looking up to famous rappers, or simple looking for every male they meet as a role model, which can lead to danger (SchoolTube, Inc., 2013). The above video demonstrated that the dynamics of family and relationships are not like they used to be. It mentions how as strong American families that we once were, we are becoming more susceptible to breaking apart after careers, family, kids, friends and daily life affect those many households. Now, days, boys are becoming more feminized due not having a father figure when growing up. When I was growing up, I had my father, mother, brother and sister, but my family was never there for one another. I chose to be that person who wanted to part of a family, and help my siblings or parents when needed, but this wasn’t the case because the male figure in my family chose the easy way out. This easy way out was to just let us pretty much be on our  own with no kind words, guidance, emotional connection, I mean my parents’ house was chaotic. I believe that the video above wasn’t biased in any shape or form, because everything that was mentioned in video was pure f acts and we can all see how different we as families are evolving into more of a distant household. I believe that this video can relate to millions of families and single parents out there. Understanding the dynamics of contemporary, postmodern families and how these relate to health is critically important to nurses and other health care providers throughout the world. Much can be learned by studying not only one’s own culture but also other countries. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare family dynamics of families in the United States, Finland and Iceland. To date relatively little has been published related to families in these Nordic countries. Six family dimensions in Barnhill’s Family Health Cycle served as the theoretical framework. Adult respondents (n = 567) purposively selected from varied community groups, completed the Family Dynamics Measure II (FDM II) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Main findings from the three countries were positive family dynamics, with mutuality contributing the strongest factor to partially confirm the theoretical propositions in Barnhill’s Family Health Cycle. Respondents from all countries reported (1) clear communication and flexibility that contribute to mutuality; (2) younger age of respondents and increased education that were associated with more positive family dynamics; and (3) larger families associated with more negative dynamics. Mixed reports occurred according to gender, with Nordic men tending to perceive some negative dimensions. Marriage was important for more positive family dynamics only in the United States. Families in the United States and in Iceland had in common more negative family dynamics during illnesses. Problems and changes affected mostly families in the United States. In general, families in Finland and Iceland had greater strengths than in the United States. This benchmark study offers information for health practitioners to assist families, as well as contribute to the improvement of family social policies, especially in the United States (White, M. A., Elder, 2010) The influence of web-based information on global citizenship and multicultural understanding is aligned to the educating the world about our  different cultures, ethnicities, religions, politics, etc. Whatever information is needed vie web-based has revolutionized to a press of a button and keywords, the internet has become diversified as we have evolved as humans. The multicultural aspect, now defines our web-based realm in ways that scholars continue to study our differences in what has made us become closer each day by the power of the internet. Three factors I believe should be considered when evaluating Internet sources for use in researching information are: first, making sure the right keywords are placed in the Google search engine section in order to get the best results. Second, making sure the sources are credible, like can they be proven in a real life experience, scientific data or where researched methods used to analyze source. Third sources, can be taking into account via video, podcast, and blogs, but how are they relevant to your research topic. And are they able to persuade your audience with source information. I have concluded, that after researching and critiquing internet sources of family relations and dynamics via blogs, videos & podcasts they are all pretty much life experiences. Today, the Internet is equipped to handle an unsubstantial amount of information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts. After researching and critiquing one blog, one video, and one podcast, the conversation about family relations and dynamics are all pretty similar to one another. The conversations on family relations and dynamics via blog, video and podcast relate to the discussion of real life experiences and amplified understanding of the topic at hand. The author’s bias in each social media is based on generalized information, so pulling up credible sources is a unique way to compare researched/scientific data, which can add some credibility to my Final Research Paper. References: Greens Release, 2011, Podcast: Relationship Dynamics. Retrieved from http://greenesrelease.com/portfolio/relationship-dynamics/ Ramos, Stephanie, February 10, 2011, Relationship Dynamics Retrieved from http://www.families.com/blog/relationship-dynamics Stuart, J., & Jose, P. E. (2012). The Influence of Discrepancies Between Adolescent and Parent Ratings of Family Dynamics on the Well-Being of Adolescents. Journal Of Family Psychology, 26(6), 858-868. doi:10.1037/a0030056 SchoolTube, Inc., 2013 Retrieved from http://www.schooltube.com/video/53bad6719111adc1f08f/Family%20Dynamics White, M. A., Elder, J. H., Paavilainen, E., Joronen, K., Helgadà ³ttir, H. L., & Seidl, A. (2010). Family dynamics in the United States, Finland and Iceland. Scandinavian Journal Of Caring Sciences, 24(1), 84-93. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00689.x

Fighting Corruption Essay

Corruption is a significant threat to global growth and financial stability. Corruption destroys public trust, undermines the rule of law, skews competition, impedes cross-border investment and trade, and distorts resource allocation. As a group of the world’s largest economies, the G20 is continuing to fight corruption and alleviate its negative impact on economic activity. There are practical steps that all G20 members can take to reduce the costs of corruption for growth and development. In 2014, the G20 developed high-level principles on beneficial ownership transparency to improve the transparency of company ownership and control. This will support a stronger investment climate and will also protect developing countries from losing further revenue. G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group (Co-chairs in 2014: Australia and Italy) G20 Leaders established the Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG) at the Toronto Summit in 2010 in recognition of the significant negative impact of corruption on economic growth, trade and development. Since 2010, the work of the ACWG has been guided by two-year action plans that include commitments by G20 countries to ratify and implement the United Nations Convention against Corruption, criminalise and prosecute foreign bribery, and cooperate with other countries to investigate, prosecute and return the proceeds of corruption. The G20 renews its pledge to fully implement actions agreed in previous action plans. In 2014, the ACWG held three meetings: A high priority for the G20 in 2014 is the effective implementation and enforcement of all outstanding G20 anti?corruption commitments. Key achievements to date include: development of the G20 High-Level Principles on Beneficial Ownership Transparency (2014) a commitment by all G20 countries to complete a self-assessment of their domestic foreign bribery frameworks, and to provide annual updates (see 2014 self-assessments by country) to the ACWG on their progress as part of the annual ACWGÂ  Accountability Report questionnaire the development of the G20 High-Level Principles on Corruption and Growth (2014) resulting from a continuing study on the impact of corruption on growth, led by the Organisation for Economic Development and Co-operation (OECD) development of the G20 Compendium of Good Practices for Integrity in Public Procurement (2014) development of the G20 Guiding Principles on Enforcement of the Foreign Bribery Offence (2013) and note development of the G20 Guiding Princip les to Combat Solicitation (2013) and note development of the G20 High-Level Principles on Mutual Legal Assistance (2013) and note development of the Requesting Mutual Legal Assistance In Criminal Matters from G20 Countries (2012) development of the G20 Asset Recovery Guides (by country) (2014). At the 16-17 October ACWG meeting, the Group reached agreement on the 2015-16 G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan. The plan will guide the G20 Anti-Corruption Agenda following the completion of the current Action Plan. The ACWG has also agreed to a 2015-16 G20 Anti-Corruption Implementation Plan, which provides a detailed outline of the Group’s work program for 2015-16. Leaders endorsed the 2015-16 Action Plan at the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Brisbane in November 2014. The ACWG works closely with G20 engagement groups, including representatives of business and civil society, in implementing the G20 Anti-Corruption Agenda. In 2014, the G20 Engagement Groups have participated in every meeting of the ACWG. The G20 Anti-Corruption Roundtable in February brought together representatives of G20 engagement groups and the ACWG to discuss the future G20 Anti-Corruption Agenda. The Roundtable opening address was delivered by Australia’s Attorney-General Senator the Hon George Brandis QC. Another forum, the OECD-G20 High-Level Anti-Corruption Conference for Governments and Business in June , also involved representatives of G20 engagement groups. In addition, the B20 has recently established the Collective Action Hub, a collaborative anti-corruption information sharing forum for businesses and governments. Resources from the Anti-corruption Working Group are available on the Current Presidency page of the G20 Official Resources library.